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本篇英国essay代写-An Abridgment of The Journey to the West以“唐僧取经”这一历史事件为蓝本，通过作者的艺术加工，深刻地描绘了当时的社会现实。主要描写了孙悟空出世，后遇见了唐僧、猪八戒和沙僧三人，一路降妖伏魔，保护唐僧西行取经，所完善的经历了九九八十一难，终于到达西天见到如来佛祖，最终五圣成真的故事。本篇essay代写由51due代写平台整理，供大家参考阅读。

Journey to the West is a household legend and myth, universally known as the Monky King, which depicted the how Tripitaka travelled throughout East Asia, especially China, accompanied by his apprentice, to get the Buddhist scriptures.With the pilgrims getting into trouble in the most unexpected places, fighting through not only outright confrontation and abduction but also lies and disguises while using trickery of their own.(Yang,2009) It is quite a long story with so many plots, among which are the famous 81 trials that has left us with dozens of myths to solve.

The Buddhist scriptures are something that every faithful believer want to have a look. However, why there are so much trails that laid between Tripitaka and those holy Buddhist scriptures? What is the significance of those 81 trails? To answer this question, I should start with the number 81. As we all know, 81 is the second power of 9. And 9 is the biggest number among the single digit. What’s more, 9 is recognized as a highly positive number in Taoism. Indicating all of the creatures in the world, the number 9 was commonly used in the royal architecture to show the grandiosity of the emperor. Rooted with the number 9, the number 81 is usually expressed as “9 multiples 9 comes 81” by Chinese people, which would shed a little light on how people respect the number and why it is recognized as a symbol of  mass. And this may also explain why there were 81 trails but not other random number of trails. And this massive number of encounters seemed to be already set on the journey of  Tripitaka, like a rite for him to get him prepared to get the scriptures. In the 99th chapter of the book was written  :

Nine times nine, hard task of immortality!

Firmness of will yields the mysterious key,

By bitter toil you must the demons spurn;

Cultivation will the power way return.

Regard not the scriptures as easy things.

So many are the sage monk’s sufferings!(Wu, C etc. p.485)

He can neither avoid them from happening nor escape the route they had planned. In another word, it is his destiny to suffer from the 81 trails. With so many misery on the road to discipline him, he then developed both his mental and physical body, allowed him to reach a higher state of consciousness and get further to acquire the Buddhist scriptures. The novel itself is about the religious beliefs in China, the 81 trails also laid emphasis on the disciplinary training. Also, the 81 rails hindered the four people a lot, making their lives hanging by a thread and get almost killed or eaten for several times. It is not difficult to see the effort they have paid for their religious believes. Thus, the 81 trails can be treated as a concentration of the religious belief of the temporal China that combined with Taoism, Confucianism and Buddhism as well as the four people’s faith towards their religious believes.

More over, the 81 trails is the main part of the novel. Even the Buddhist scriptures are the final goal of Tripitaka, the author did not spare any large effort trying to manifest the sophisticated wisdom inside the scriptures, instead, the whole story unfolded throughout vivd descriptions of how the four people defeated the monsters and fought for justice. And that when they finally achieved the real scriptures, they no more suffered from any accidents. The author’s intention of such arrangement couldn’t be more clear than the highlights he put onto the trip of journey. All the misery and sufferings that lay on the road toward west has become one part of their souls. And during their 81 trails the images of the characters and setting of the society were then able to be shown.

The 81 trails were also use as a mirror by the author to reveal the situation of the temporal society. It is comprehensible that people get into trouble when they travel at the time of harmony, but it would be somehow ridiculous if people encounter 81 trails. And the four characters in the novel are definitely not any rogue as Buddhists. What’s more, the monsters and demons in the book has usually done great harm to its neighboring humans, it is not difficult to infer that the author might be describing the gangsters of that time. The disturbing threatens to the citizens were depicted in the form of monsters and demons, and the situation of the safety for the people was quite something to worry about. However, due to the fancy tricks the author has applied into the novel and the great vision brought imagination, we still cannot tell the authenticity of such theory.

After they have finally finished their task of the 81 trails and reached their destination, Ananda and Kasyapa were asked to bring the four characters to the Buddhist scriptures. Before they reached the Buddhist scriptures, they were asked for presents:

After Ananda and Kasyapa had shown all the title s to the monk Tang, they said to him, “Sage monk, having come all this distance from the land of the East, What sort of small gifts have you brought for us ? Take them out quickly, we’ll be pleased to hand over the scriptures to you.”

On hearing this, Tripitaka said, “Bcause of the great distance, your disciple, Xuanzang, has not been able to make such preparation.”

“How nice! How nice!” said the two honored ones, snickering. “if we imparted the scriptures to you gratis, our posterity would starve to death!”(Wu, C etc. p.473)

 People may wonder that how could the sophisticated apprentices of Buddha behave with such worldliness and ask for presents for the exchange of the scriptures? However, Tripitaka couldn’t force this either and had nothing to hand over as a gift. Ananda and Kasyapa then said, if they preach with great effort but receive nothing in turns, they would starve to death. Frankly speaking, such behavior of the two sophisticated apprentices of Buddha cannot be treated as they were asking for presents for real, they were trying to inform Tripitaka that people couldn’t live against the natural law. Human beings hardly survive without food. Even though preaching without any return is of great kindness, but people still need to care about their biological needs. While people still live on the land of the living, they are attached to the worldliness, which they cannot disobey. Thus, on doing this, Ananda and Kasyapa channeled the information to Tripitaka, asking him to follow the laws of nature.

After Sun Wu Kong stopped the demand of Ananda and Kasyapa for presents, the Four characters eventually reached their Buddhist scriptures. When they were about to set out on their journey back happily, they were stopped again. However, fortunately they were possible to gain the chance of realizing the empty scriptures they had taken and went back in order to ask for the real scriptures. Ananda and Kasyapa might be acting intentionally on giving the empty scriptures, so that when Tripitaka come back to ask for the real one, they again asked for presents. And this time, both team reached their goals. But, to speak frankly, the empty scriptures are much more valuable than the one with characteristics. Ananda and Kasyapa had said that :

Since you people came with empty hands to acquire scriptures, blank texts were handed over to you. But the blank texts were actually true. However, those creatures in your land of the East are so foolish and unenlightened that I have no choice but to impart to you now the text with words.(Wu, C etc. p.476)

It contains the ultimate wisdom of the nature, the preach from the sky. But it could be much too difficult for the ordinary people to comprehend, not to mention the ordinary people’s ignorance toward the value of the wisdom in it. So that even though Tripitaka had brought back a priceless scriptures, there is no way for him to understand the contents. The Buddha also made his claim that the people in the East may only accept the one with characters on according  to their level of comprehension. From the aspect of Ananda and Kasyapa, who did this intentionally, again passed their thought to Tripitaka. Quite similar this time, they exchanged the scriptures with the bowl of Tripitaka’s, convincing him that the priceless scriptures couldn’t be taken away without anything in return.

The Journey to the West is not only a novel, but also a book contains so much philosophy for people to think about. Behind the fancy imagination of the ancient Chinese people are the sophisticated wisdom and hopes, which makes people to think about the real meaning of religion and life. While reading it, people should not stay in the dramatic plots and stories, but should go further into the environment of the ancient and mysterious Chinese society. There are so much more that worth a further study. 

Reference

Yang, Yang. "On conceptual structure of Guanyin's journey to Chang'an and Monk Tang's pilgrim for Buddhist scriptures." Journal of Southeast University (2009).

Wu, C. and Yu, A. (2006). The monkey & the monk. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

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