51due英国留学资讯平台

这是一篇关于谈论印度与联邦政府之间的土地主权斗争的政治学essay代写范文，由51due英国论文代写网精选。本文主要讲述的是克里斯托弗·哥伦布在1492年抵达美洲大陆之前，印度人没有土地所有权的概念。他们都相信自己被神给予了土地。本essay代写范文仅供参考：

Introduction

Before Christopher Columbus arrived in the American Continent in 1492, the Indians had no concept of land ownership. They all believed that they were given the land by God naturally. When new settlers arrived in their land, they didn’t alert the activities of the new residents. However, the new residents not only brought new weapons but also occupied their homeland. Moreover, with the establishment of the federal government of the United States, the government bought their land with a low price. Gradually, Indians realized that they had lost their homeland and they started to argue with the federal government and fight for their own rights. For the federal government, they also released a lot of laws and regulations, which were aimed to solve the intention with the Indians.

The essay mainly focuses on the Land sovereignty dispute between Indians and the federal government of the United States, which can be elaborated by four cases. The essay will mainly discuss 1887 Dawes Allotment Act, 1934 Indian Reorganization Act, 1940s-1960s Termination and Relocation Acts and 1970 Nixon’s Special Message on Indian Affairs respectively. A conclusion will also be made in the end of the essay to summarize the whole essay.

Dawes Allotment Act

In the end of Nineteenth Century, the federal government issued Dawes Allotment Act in 1887.

Dawes Allotment Act changed the initial practice of Indian tribes, which made Indians lost a lot of land. Some reservations were divided and given to individual Indians, hoping that they would become farmers and be assimilated into the society, thereby reducing the government's mandate responsibilities. However, the land was not ideal for farming and most Indians almost had no farming experience. Many Indians sold their land to non-Indians for money to survive in the United States. As a result, the Indians lost more land.

Indian Reorganization Act

In 1924, the federal government of the United States entitled the Indians with the American citizenship. In the year of1934, Indian Reorganization Act was released and Dawes Allotment Act was overthrown. Indian Reorganization Act could be regarded as a new deal related to the land dispute about Indian land sovereignty. Indian Reorganization Act required that the land should be returned to Indian tribes and Indian tribal governments should have greater power of controlling their own land.

Termination and Relocation Acts

In 1950s, Termination and Relocation Act was released, which was another important case for the process of Indian land sovereignty. The Act dissolved dozens of tribal governments and a large number of people of the tribes migrated to the city to accept vocational training. But many people could not find a job and were trapped in the city. Meanwhile, they were away from their families. Due to this Act, there were still a large number of Indians in many cities of the United States.

Nixon’s Special Message on Indian Affairs

In the 70s of the 20th century, after many failed policies, President Richard Nixon stood on the position of "self-determination" about Indian matters. In 1970, Special Message on Indian Affairs was officially proposed.

Works Cited

Jaimes, M. A.1992. Federal Indian Identification Policy: A Usurpation of Indigenous Sovereignty in North American. Native Americans and Public Policy, 113-35.

Riley, A. R. 2013. The history of Native American lands and the Supreme Court. Journal of Supreme Court History, 38(3), 369-385.

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